TERMS & MEANINGS:
Ngöndro (Tib., wylie: sngon 'gro, pronounced "nundro") refers to the preliminary or foundational practices common to all four schools of Tibetan Buddhism and also to Bön. The Tibetan term ngöndro literally denotes "something that goes before, something which precedes." The preliminary practices establish the foundation for the more advanced and rarefied Vajrayana sadhana which are held to engender realization and the embodiment of enlightenment.
Mahāmudrā (Sanskrit: great seal or great symbol), (Tibetan: Chagchen, Wylie: phyag chen, contraction of Chagya Chenpo, Wylie: phyag rgya chen po), is a Buddhist method of direct introduction to the nature and essence of Mind (or Buddha-nature) and the practice of stabilizing the accompanying transcendental realization. It draws upon instructions from multiple levels of Buddhism, including Sutra and Vajrayana, to provide a range of approaches to enlightenment suited to various people's needs. Mahamudra is believed to enable one to realize the mindstream's innate purity, clarity and perfection, summed up by the term 'buddha nature', the topic of the Third Turning of the Dharmachakra or the final phase of the Buddha's teaching.
Naro Chos-Drug: (Tib., na-ro-chos-drug /pron. Naro Chödrug ). Sometimes known as the Six Dharmas of Mahamudra, this is the Tibetan name for the major teachings and texts by Naropa (1016-1100), the famous Mahasiddhas. His Six Doctrines (or Yogas), belong to the spiritual heritage of Vajrayana, and are disseminated especially by the Shangpa (Kagyud) and Rimed schools.
Some of the teachings in this work are similar or identical with those of the seventh century, Bön-influenced Bardo Thödol, some are gleaned from the Kalachakra Tantra (ca. 750), and again others belong to the Inner Tantras and are thus connected to Dzogchen. The work contains theoretical and practical teachings concerning the following practices and resulting abilities:
Heat Yoga (Skt., candali; Tib., gtum-mo, "fierce, wrathful"); the generation of psychic heat
Illusory Body Yoga (Skt., mayadeha; Tib., sgyu-lus, "illusory body")
Dream Yoga (Skt., svapna; Tib., rmi-lam, "dream")
Bardo Realm Yoga (Skt., antarabhava; Tib., bar-do)
Light Yoga (Skt., prabhasvara; Tib., 'od-gsal, "luminosity")
Transformation Yoga (Skt., samkranti; Tib., pho-ba, "ejection of consciousness" or "transference of consciousness"); (Tib., 'byung-ba-ro-snyoms, "equalizing the elements"); another term for the practice called "one taste" |